This workbook was contributed by Rodolfo Hernandez, Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen
This workbook is about economic evaluation. Economic evaluations
involve the identification, measurement and valuation, and then
comparison of the costs (inputs) and benefits (outcomes) of two or more
alternative treatments or activities.
The Health Utilities Index (HUIR) is a generic, preference-scored,
comprehensive system for measuring health status, health-related
quality of life, and producing utility scores. The Health Utilities
Group (HUG) focuses on preference-based measures of health-related
quality of life for describing treatment process and outcomes in
clinical studies, for population health studies, and economic
evaluations of health care services.
EQ-5D is a standardised instrument for use as a measure of health
outcome. Applicable to a wide range of health conditions and
treatments, it provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index
value for health status that can be used in the clinical and economic
evaluation of health care.
How to use an Article on Economic Analysis of Clinical Practice.
Bernie J. O'Brien, Ph.D., Daren Heyland, M.D., W. Scott Richardson,
M.D., Mitchell Levine, M.D., Michael F. Drummond, Ph.D., for the
Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Based on the Users Guides to
Evidence-based Medicine and reproduced with permission from JAMA. (1997
May 21; 277(19):1552-1557) and (1997 Jun 11; 277(22):1802-1806)
(Published erratum in 1997 Oct 1; 278(13):1064). Copyright 1999,
American Medical Association.
NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED). National Health Service
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (NHS CRD). University of York. UK.
Glick, H.A., Polsky, D.P., and Shulman, K.A.: “Trial-based economic
evaluations: an overview of design and analysis” in Drummond M and
McGuire. Economic Evaluation in Health Care: merging theory with
practice. Office for Health Economics. Oxford University Press. 2001
Briggs A, Gray A: “Using cost effectiveness information”. BMJ
2000;320:246. (http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/320/7229/246.pdf).
Drummond M: “Economic analysis alongside controlled trials: an
introduction for clinical researchers”. Department of Health, UK. 1994.
Coyle D, Davies L, Drummond MF. Trial and tribulations. Emerging Issues
in Designing Economic Evaluation Alongside Clinical Trials.
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
1998;14:135-144.
Donaldson C. Hundley V. McIntosh E. Using economics
alongside clinical trials: why we cannot choose the evaluation
technique in advance. Health Economics. 5(3):267-9, 1996 May-Jun
Drummond M. O’Brien B. Economic analysis alongside clinical
trials: Practical considerations. Journal of Rheumatology. Vol 22(7)
(pp 1418-1419), 1995
Drummond M. Economic analysis alongside clinical trials: Problems and
potential. Journal of Rheumatology. Vol 22(7) (pp 1403-1407), 1995
Drummond M, Davies L. Economic analysis alongside clinical trials.
Revisiting the methodological issues. International Journal of
Technology Assessment in Health Care 1991;7:561-573
Gray, A.M., and Marshall, A., et al. Problems of conducting
economic evaluation alongside clinical trials. Lessons from a study of
case management for people with mental disorders. British Journal of
Psychiatry 1997;170 47-52
Jain S. Arora NK. Randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 67(5):363-8, 2000 May.
Briggs AH, Gray AM: “Handling uncertainty when performing economic
evaluation of health care interventions”. Health Technology Assessment
1999; vol.3: No2. (http://www.hta.nhsweb.nhs.uk/fullmono/mon302.pdf).
Cairns J.: ”Discounting in economic evaluation” in Drummond M and
McGuire. Economic Evaluation in Health Care: merging theory with
practice. Office for Health Economics. Oxford University Press. 2001
Mitchell, R. C and Carson, R. T. Using surveys to value public goods:
the contingent valuation method. Washington DC. Resources for the
Future. 1998.
Johnston K, Buxton MJ, Jones DR, Fitzpatrick R: “Assessing the cost of
healthcare technologies in clinical trials”. Health Technology
Assessment 1999 vol. 3: No.6 (http://www.hta.nhsweb.nhs.uk/fullmono/mon306.pdf)
Economics notes: Economic evaluation: an introduction James Raftery BMJ
1998; 316: 1013-1014.
Economics notes: Perspectives in economic evaluation Sarah Byford and
James Raftery BMJ 1998; 316: 1529-1530.
Economics Notes: Types of economic evaluation Stephen Palmer, Sarah
Byford, and James Raftery BMJ 1999; 318: 1349. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/318/7194/1349.pdf
Economics notes: Opportunity cost Stephen Palmer and James Raftery BMJ
1999; 318: 1551-1552. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/318/7197/1551.pdf
Economic Note: Cost of illness studies Sarah Byford, David J Torgerson,
and James Raftery BMJ 2000; 320: 1335. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/320/7245/1335.pdf
Economics notes: Costing in economic evaluation James Raftery BMJ 2000;
320: 1597. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/320/7249/1597.pdf
Economics Notes: Measuring outcomes in economic evaluations David
Torgerson and James Raftery BMJ 1999; 318: 1413. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/318/7195/1413.pdf
Economics notes: Discounting David J Torgerson and James Raftery BMJ
1999; 319: 914-915. http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/319/7214/914.pdf
Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to
the BMJ M F Drummond and T O Jefferson BMJ 1996; 313: 275-283.
New BMJ policy on economic evaluations Dawn Craig, John Nixon,
Nigel Armstrong, Julie Glanville, Jos Kleijnen, Michael Drummond, Tracy
Roberts, Alastair M Gray, Andrew Briggs, Philip Clarke, Charles
Normand, Christopher J McCabe, Jennifer Roberts, and Richard Smith BMJ
2003; 326: 445. (http://bmj.com/cgi/reprint/326/7386/445.pdf
)
Christopher J.L. Murray, David B. Evans, Arnab Acharya, Rob M.P.M.
Baltussen. Development of WHO Guidelines on Generalised
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
http://w3.whosea.org/healthreport/pdf/paper04.pdf